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3. Special Provisions for Romanization (1) When Korean sound values change as in the following cases, the results of those changes are Romanized as follows: 1. The case of assimilation of adjacent consonants e.g. 백마[뱅마] Baengma 신문로[신문노] Sinmunno 종로[종노] Jongno 왕십리[왕심니] Wangsimni 별내[별래] Byeollae 신라[실라] Silla 2. The case of the epenthetic ㄴ and ㄹ e.g. 학여울[항녀울]
Hangnyeoul 알약[알략] allyak
3. Cases of palatalization e.g. 해돋이 haedoji 같이[가치] gachi 맞히다[마치다] machida
4. Cases where ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ and ㅈ are adjacent to ㅎ e.g. 좋고[조코] joko 놓다[노타] nota 잡혀[자펴] japyeo 낳지[나치] nachi However, aspirated sounds are not reflected in case of nouns where ㅎ follows ㄱ, ㄷ, and ㅂ, as in the examples below. e.g. 묵호 Mukho 집현전 Jiphyeonjeon
Note: Tense (or glottalized) sounds are not reflected in cases where morphemes are compounded, as in the examples below. e.g. 압구정 Apgujeong 낙동강 Nakdonggang 죽변 Jukbyeon 낙성대 Nakseongdae 합정 Hapjeong 팔당 Paldang 샛별 saetbyeol 울산 Ulsan (2) When there is the possibility of confusion in pronunciation, a hyphen '-' may be used. e.g. 중앙 Jung-ang 반구대 Ban-gudae 세운 Se-un 해운대 Hae-undae
(3) The first letter is capitalized in proper names. e.g. 부산 Busan 세종 Sejong
(4) Personal names are written by family name first, followed by a space and the given name. In principle, syllables in given names are not separated by hyphen, but the use of a hyphen between syllables is permitted. e.g. 민용하 Min Yongha (Min Yong-ha) 송나리 Song Nari (Song Na-ri) ① Assimilated sound changes between syllables in given names are not transcribed. e.g. 한복남 Han Boknam (Han Bok-nam) 홍빛나 Hong Bitna (Hong Bit-na)
② Romanization of family names will be determined separately.
(5) Administrative units such as 도, 시, 군, 구, 읍, 면, 리, 동, and 가 are transcribed respectively as do, si, gun, gu, eup, myeon, ri, dong, and ga, and are preceded by a hyphen. Assimilated sound changes before and after the hyphen are not reflected in Romanization. e.g. 충청북도 Chungcheongbuk-do 제주도 Jeju-do 의정부시 Uijeongbu-si 양주군 Yangju-gun 도봉구 Dobong-gu 신창읍 Sinchang-eup 삼죽면 Samjuk-myeon 인왕리 Inwang-ri 당산동 Dangsan-dong 봉천1동 Bongcheon 1(il)-dong 종로 2가 Jongno 2(i)-ga
퇴계로 3가 Toegyero 3(sam)-ga
Note: Terms for administrative units such as 시, 군, 읍 may be omitted. e.g. 청주시 Cheongju 함평군 Hampyeong
순창읍 Sunchang
(6) Names of geographic features, cultural properties, and man-made structures may be written without hyphens. e.g. 남산 Namsan 속리산 Songnisan 금강 Geumgang 독도 Dokdo 경복궁 Gyeongbokgung 무량수전 Muryangsujeon 연화교 Yeonhwagyo 극락전 Geungnakjeon 안압지 Anapji 남한산성 Namhansanseong 화랑대 Hwarangdae 불국사 Bulguksa 현충사 Hyeonchungsa 독립문 Dongnimmun 오죽헌 Ojukheon 촉석루 Chokseongnu 종묘 Jongmyo 다보탑 Dabotap
(7) Proper names such as personal names and those of companies may continue to be written as they have been previously.
(8) When it is necessary to convert Romanized Korean back to Hangeul in special cases such as in academic articles, Romanization is done according to Hangeul spelling and not pronunciation. Each Hangeul letter is Romanized as explained in section 2 except that ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㄹ are always written as g, d, b, l. When ㅇ has no sound value, it is replaced by a hyphen may also be used when it is necessary to distinguish between syllables. e.g. 집 jib 짚 jip 밖 bakk 값 gabs 붓꽃 buskkoch 먹는 meogneun 독립 doglib 문리 munli 물엿 mul-yeos 굳이 gud-i 좋다 johda 가곡 gagog 조랑말 jolangmal
없었습니다 eobs-eoss-seubnida
Additional Provisions
1. This system of Romanization becomes effective on the date it is formally proclaimed.
2. Signs using the previous system of Romanization (road signs, official large-scale notices, information posted at cultural sites, etc.) when this system of Romanization becomes effective must follow this system before December 31, 2005.
3. Publication such as textbooks using the previous system of Romanization must follow this system by February 28, 2002. |
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